1. Overview of the Three Branches

The Philippine government is divided into three branches: the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Each branch has distinct powers and responsibilities, ensuring a system of checks and balances to prevent abuse of power.

Executive Branch

Headed by the President, this branch enforces laws. The Vice President supports the President and can assume the presidency if needed.

Legislative Branch

This branch is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, responsible for making laws. Senators serve six-year terms, while House Representatives serve three-year terms.

Judicial Branch

Led by the Supreme Court, this branch interprets laws and ensures justice. Justices serve until the age of 70, unless removed for cause.

2. Qualifications and Powers

President and Vice President

  • Must be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines.
  • At least 40 years old for President, 35 years old for Vice President.
  • Serves a term of six years with no re-election.

Senators

  • Natural-born citizen, at least 35 years old.
  • Serves a six-year term with a maximum of two consecutive terms.

House Representatives

  • Must be a natural-born citizen, at least 25 years old.
  • Serves a three-year term with a maximum of three consecutive terms.

Supreme Court Justices

  • Must be a natural-born citizen, and at least 40 years old.
  • Serves until the age of 70, unless removed for cause.

3. Sample Practice Questions & Rationalizations

Question: What is the maximum term limit for a House Representative?
A) 3 years
B) 6 years
C) 9 years
D) No limit
Answer Explanation

A) 3 years is correct. House Representatives can serve a maximum of three consecutive terms.

Question: What power allows the President to reject a bill?
A) Veto Power
B) Judicial Review
C) Commission on Appointments
D) Executive Order
Answer Explanation

A) Veto Power is correct. The veto power enables the President to reject legislation passed by Congress.

4. Key Traps to Avoid & Test Day Tips

Be aware of commonly confused terms such as 'veto' and 'judicial review.' Understand that the President's veto power can be overridden by Congress with a two-thirds majority vote. Additionally, remember the role of the Commission on Appointments in confirming presidential appointees, including Supreme Court Justices.

On test day, manage your time wisely and read each question carefully. Practice with the official free study app, Civil Service Reviewer 2027, and take advantage of the free browser-based test at practice-test.html for optimal preparation.

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Frequently Asked Questions